Pacland's Philippine Boxing Forum

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https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa ... -appendix/




Political Protest during Martial Law

However, political protest did not vanish entirely. Gregg Jones elaborates: “In the late 1970s, against the backdrop of a weakening economy, communist efforts to rebuild an urban protest movement were beginning to bear fruit.

Martial law had crushed the increasingly militant labor movement, but beginning in 1975, radical unions under the direction of Party cadres began challenging a strike ban imposed by Marcos. The CPP even succeeded in reviving the student movement in 1977 by organizing protests to oppose a tuition fee increase and to demand reestablishment of student councils and newspapers.


The successful student protests against higher tuition fees in mid-1977 encouraged CPP leaders to begin making plans for a sustained wave of demonstrations in Manila modeled after the legendary First Quarter Storm seven years earlier. The scheme called for widespread, coordinated protests by students, factory workers, and slum dwellers. Party leaders anticipated that the moderate political opposition would join the campaign and lend an air of mainstream respectability to the protests. . . .



Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP) election noise barrage (April 6, 1978)


Emmanuel de Dios: “On the evening of April 6, 1978, Manila was rocked by a massive noise barrage. At a prearranged hour, eight o’clock, residents of the metropolis came out into the streets and banged on pots, pans, and washbasins, stoked bonfires in the middle of the roads, drove at random through the city in cars, jeeps, and trucks, honking horns and shouting above the din, ‘LABAN! LABAN!’ (Fight! Fight!).

Emmanuel de Dios: “One reason for the noise barrage had been ‘to let Ninoy Aquino in his prison cell know that the people had heard his message.’ But the matter had really gone far beyond the election; it had turned into an outpouring of pent-up protest against the dictatorship. This urban phenomenon was unprecedented and surprising even to those who had organized it. Until then, the only open and large-scale resistance to the dictatorship had been put up by the armed underground movements: the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), whose operations were predominantly in the countrysides.that the later events of February 1986 would draw.”[99]